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因使用链霉素、新霉素和多粘菌素产生神经肌肉接头阻滞导致的呼吸抑制,用新斯的明拮抗不满意时,可行人工呼吸并选用下列哪种药物为正确()。

发布日期:2020-08-20

因使用链霉素、新霉素和多粘菌素产生神经肌肉接头阻滞导致的呼吸抑制,用新斯的明拮抗不满意时,可行人工呼...
A

洛贝林

B

可拉明

C

葡萄糖酸钙

D

氯化钾

E

阿托品

试题解析

神经肌肉接头

神经肌肉接头,是运动神经元轴突末梢在骨骼肌肌纤维上的接触点。位于脊髓前角和脑干一些神经核内的运动神经元,向被它们支配的肌肉各发出一根很长的轴突,即神经纤维。这些神经纤维在接近肌细胞,即肌纤维处,各自分出数十或百根以上的分支。一根分支通常只终止于一根肌纤维上,形成1对1的神经肌肉接头。从神经纤维传来的信号即通过接头传给肌纤维,引起肌肉收缩。除此之外,神经肌肉接头的另一作用是其存在可以维持一定的肌紧张,抑制肌肉萎缩;这种联系中断,那么肌萎缩就会出现。神经肌肉接头是一种特化的化学突触,其递质是乙酰胆碱(ACh)。无脊椎动物如螯虾的神经肌肉接头的递质是谷氨酸(兴奋性纤维的递质)或γ-氨基丁酸(抑制性纤维的递质)。

中文名
神经肌肉接头
性质
化学突触
递质
乙酰胆碱
外文名
Neuromuscular junction
位置
脊髓

多黏菌素

多黏菌素(polymyxin)由多黏类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)产生的一组多肽类抗生素。对大多数革兰氏阴性菌有抑制作用。酸性条件下溶解不溶于水、甲醇、己烷。适用于某些革兰氏阴性菌如大肠杆菌、肺炎杆菌、绿脓杆菌所致感染。临床趋向淘汰。

中文名
多黏菌素
类型
多肽类抗生素
外文名
polymyxin
别名
可利迈仙等

链霉素

链霉素(streptomycin)是一种氨基糖苷类抗生素。 1943年美国加州大学伯克利分校博士、罗格斯大学教授赛尔曼·A·瓦克斯曼从链霉菌中析离得到,是继青霉素后第二个生产并用于临床的抗生素,瓦克斯曼也因此获得1952年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。它的抗结核杆菌的特效作用,开创了结核病治疗的新纪元。从此,结核杆菌肆虐人类生命几千年的历史得以有了遏制的希望。链霉素是一种从灰链霉菌的培养液中提取的抗菌素。属于氨基糖甙碱性化合物,它与结核杆菌菌体核糖核酸蛋白体蛋白质结合,起到了干扰结核杆菌蛋白质合成的作用,从而杀灭或者抑制结核杆菌生长的作用。由于链霉素肌肉注射的疼痛反应比较小,适宜临床使用,只要应用对象选择得当,剂量又比较合适,大部分病人可以长期注射(一般2个月左右)。所以,应用数十年来它仍是抗结核治疗中的主要用药。

中文名
链霉素
化学式
C
外观
白色无定形粉末
EINECS登录号
200-355-3
熔点
12 ℃
闪点
481.7 ℃
外文名
streptomycin
分子量
581.574
CAS登录号
57-92-1
密度
1.98 g/cm
沸点
872.9 ℃

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