患者，女性，49岁，胸部外伤致开放性气胸，出现呼吸困难和发绀。给予立即封闭伤口，行胸膜腔闭式引流术。该患者闭式胸膜腔引流护理中，促使胸内气体排出的措施是（）

[单选题]Passage2People often complained about not getting"a good night's sleep"，but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well，while others survive on only a few hours. Still，most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times，people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours，waking up，then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century，people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire，candles，or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period，you might be a hard-working farmer，and you would come home，eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9：00 or 10：00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch，or watching period. When you came out of first sleep，you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow，meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream，or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing，you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping "problem", but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.What is the main purpose of paragraph 2～4?

[问答题]（四十七）　　【给定资料】　　位于鄱阳湖边的共青城市是鄱阳湖生态经济区核心示范区内一个年轻的城市，经济发展和生态保护压力都很大。近10年来，共青城市引入外科手术中的“微创”理念指导经济社会发展和生态建设，走出了一条独特的生态文明建设之路。　　“经济发展不可能对生态不造成一丁点影响，关键是要减小生态伤口，减少‘出血’，并治愈伤口。”江西省九江市委常委李某告诉记者，低污染、低能耗、高产出，这是他们在处理生态保护和经济发展的关系上坚守的底线。　　一直以来对生态发展理念的坚守，使共青城市不断吸引众多高科技企业扎堆入驻，迅速建立起高端纺织、新能源、手机、电子电器四大高新技术产业集群。目前，共青城市人均GDP是江西省平均水平的3倍，万元GDP能耗却不到全省平均水平的1/3。　　同样，从无人知晓的江南村落一跃成为海内外公认的中国最美乡村，江西婺源在发展过程中也始终努力守护着人与自然和谐相处的界限。婺源县旅游委副主任王某对此深有感触：“只有尊重自然，才能得到自然的尊重。”　　位于饶河上游的婺源县溪头乡岩前村，建成了垃圾集中处理设施，村民们自古以来污水倒路边、垃圾倒河边的生活习惯被终结。正在村头河边带孙子玩耍的凌某告诉记者：“现在垃圾每天专门有人收，没有人再往河里倒了，谁都知道，河上到处漂着塑料袋，城里人的旅游车都不愿往村里来。”　　【问题】　　“给定资料”中提到：“经济发展不可能对生态不造成一丁点影响，关键是要减小生态伤口，减少‘出血’，并治愈伤口。”请结合“给定资料”，谈谈你对这一说法的见解。　　要求：全面、简明。不超过250字。

[问答题]牛黄丸3功效与作用

[单选题]教学中采用“先练后讲”、“先学后教”的方式，让学生先去尝试练习或操作，依靠自己的努力初步解决问题，最后教师根据学生练习中的难点，有针对性地讲解，这就是（）。

[不定项题]根据我国《专利法》,乙企业的该项技术发明的保护期限为（  ）。

[单选题]患儿，10岁。两天前臀部及双下肢皮肤出现紫癜，伴腹痛阵作，口臭纳呆，腹胀便秘，今日出现便血，舌红，苔黄，脉滑数。其证型是（）

[单选题]慢性乙型肝炎患者，因过劳出现乏力、腹胀，尿色加深，肝肋下触及1.0cm，质中等，脾侧触及0.5cm，ALT300U/L，BiL80μmol/L，诊断应考虑（）

[问答题]现代语言学的发展特点是什么？谈谈现代语言学的发展趋势。

[单选题]男，27岁，4年前发现胸锁乳突肌前缘中下1/3处有一瘘口，间有分泌物溢出，颈部未发现其他肿块。为进一步明确瘘管的走行，应作何种检查（）

[单选题]脑脊液采集的第一管用作下列哪项检查（）