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发布日期:2021-10-31
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模板工程(formwork)指新浇混凝土成型的模板以及支承模板的一整套构造体系,其中,接触混凝土并控制预定尺寸,形状、位置的构造部分称为模板,支持和固定模板的杆件、桁架、联结件、金属附件、工作便桥等构成支承体系,对于滑动模板,自升模板则增设提升动力以及提升架、平台等构成。模板工程在混凝土施工中是一种临时结构。
概算定额是初步设计或技术设计阶段采用的定额,它是在预算定额基础上加以综合而成的。因而产品常使用更大的单位来表示,如小桥涵以座道)、桥涵上部构造以10m标准跨径、路面以100 cm 计算等其定额水平比预算定额低。它是编制设计概算和修正概算的依据,是编制估算指标的基础。
衬砌指的是为防止围岩变形或坍塌,沿隧道洞身周边用钢筋混凝土等材料修建的永久性支护结构。衬砌技术通常是应用于隧道工程、水利渠道中。衬砌简单说来就是内衬,常见的就是用砌块衬砌,可以是预应力高压灌浆素混凝土衬砌。
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