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下列哪些病人必须预防气管插管反应()

发布日期:2022-07-18

下列哪些病人必须预防气管插管反应()
A

高血压、冠心病

B

瓣膜性心脏

C

动脉血管瘤

D

颅内高压或颅内出血

E

嗜铬细胞瘤

试题解析

颅内高压

颅内高压(intracranial hypertension)指颅内压持续保待在l5mmHg以上。正常人平卧位颅内压约为10mmHg。当脑组织肿胀、颅内占位性病变或脑脊液分泌过多、吸收障碍、循环受阻或脑血流灌注过多导致颅内高压。表现为头痛、呕吐、视力障碍、意识障碍、癫痫及脑疝引起的症状和体征。治疗应尽快明确病因,从根本上解决颅内高压的症状和体征,对症处理,同时密切监测生命体征变化。

就诊科室
神经科
常见病因
脑组织肿胀,颅内占位性病变,脑脊液分泌过多、吸收障碍、循环受阻,脑血流灌注过多等
常见发病部位
颅内
常见症状
头痛、呕吐、视力障碍、意识障碍、癫痫及脑疝引起的症状和体征

高血压

高血压(hypertension)是指以体循环动脉血压(收缩压和/或舒张压)增高为主要特征(收缩压≥140毫米汞柱,舒张压≥90毫米汞柱),可伴有心、脑、肾等器官的功能或器质性损害的临床综合征。高血压是最常见的慢性病,也是心脑血管病最主要的危险因素。正常人的血压随内外环境变化在一定范围内波动。在整体人群,血压水平随年龄逐渐升高,以收缩压更为明显,但50岁后的舒张压呈现下降趋势,脉压也随之加大。近年来,人们对心血管病多重危险因素的作用以及心、脑、肾靶器官保护的认识不断深入,高血压的诊断标准也在不断调整,认为同一血压水平的患者发生心血管病的危险不同,因此有了血压分层的概念,即发生心血管病危险度不同的患者,适宜血压水平应有不同。血压值和危险因素评估是诊断和制定高血压治疗方案的主要依据,不同患者高血压管理的目标不同,医生面对患者时在参考标准的基础上,根据其具体情况判断该患者最合适的血压范围,采用针

外文名
hypertension
多发群体
中老年人、肥胖者、长期饮酒者
常见症状
头晕、头痛、颈项板紧、疲劳、心悸等
就诊科室
心血管内科
常见病因
精神紧张,高钠盐、低钾饮食,大量饮酒等
传染性

冠心病

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病是冠状动脉血管发生动脉粥样硬化病变而引起血管腔狭窄或阻塞,造成心肌缺血、缺氧或坏死而导致的心脏病,常常被称为“冠心病”。但是冠心病的范围可能更广泛,还包括炎症、栓塞等导致管腔狭窄或闭塞。世界卫生组织将冠心病分为5大类:无症状心肌缺血(隐匿性冠心病)、心绞痛、心肌梗死、缺血性心力衰竭(缺血性心脏病)和猝死5种临床类型。临床中常常分为稳定性冠心病和急性冠状动脉综合征。

外文名
coronary atherosclerotic heart disease
就诊科室
心内科
常见病因
冠状动脉粥样硬化
别名
冠心病
多发群体
中老年人、吸烟者、高血压患者、糖尿病患者、肥胖者
常见症状
突感心前区疼痛,多为发作性绞痛或压榨痛

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