Passage 2
Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors: mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make 1 the manufacture of more goods with 2 workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called “the Second 3 Revolution.
Labor’s concern 4 automation 5 from uncertainty about its effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has 6 the view that 7 to technological change is futile. In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, 8 and repairing automation equipment. Unquestionably, 9 , there will be major shifts in jobs within plants, and displacement of labor from one industry to another. The interest of labor lies in 10 this transition with a 11 of inconvenience and distress 12 workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower cost by automation should be shared by workers in the 13 of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.
To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the 14 of supplementary unemployment benefits plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in a SUB plan has a direct financial stake in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong 15 for planning new installation so as to cause the least possible disruption in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiting that permanently. 16 -off workers be paid a sum of money based on 17 of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls 18 wage increases based on increased in 19 . It is probable, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the 20 of automation.
1. A. possible B. probable C. necessary D. acceptable
2. A. few B. fewer C. many D. more
3. A. Automation B. Industrial C. Industrialized D. Industrious
4. A. in B. upon C. over D. with
5. A. rises B. arises C. arouses D. evokes
6. A. taken B. got C. gained D. used
7. A. struggle B. resistance C. objection D. unfavor
8. A. conserving B. storing C. maintaining D. preserving
9. A. however B. somehow C. nevertheless D. conversely
10. A. bringing about B. bringing out C. reduction D. limitation
12. A. for B. upon C. about D. to
13. A. term B. approach C. access D. from
14. A. promotion B. support C. decrease D. discouragement
15. A. encouragement B. stimulation C. incentive D. interest
16. A. lain B. lay C. lied D. laid
17. A. span B. term C. length D. period
18. A. at B. on C. up D. for
19. A. production B. productivity C. industry D. manufacture
20. A. results B. fruits C. consequences D. essence
David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict” because _____.
The word “they” underlined in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
()refers to the angle between true North and the heading line of the ship.
Midships refers to rudder to be held().
The word “They” underlined in Paragraph 3 refers to.
The term () refers to one complete sequence of operations required to produce power in an engine.
Johannes Gutenberg’s invention probably refers to ______.
According to F. de Saussure,()refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
Brand refers to names, logos and slogans. For example, Nike is known for its slogan “Just do it” and swoosh logo. A trademark shows the origin and ownership of a product or service, which is used to protect names, logos, drawings, symbols and other characters related with a business. Coke? and Coca-cola? are registered trademarks of the Coca-Cola Company. Many companies spend a lot of money and time registering their trademarks. There are at least two good reasons for this. Firstly, if you trademark a brand, you are the only person allowed to use that Brand name slogan etc. If others want to use that brand, they must ask your permission or pay some money. Secondly, registration also allows the owner to bring legal action against anyone who uses the trademark without authorization. There are basic trademark symbols, e.g.“TM”for goods and“SM”for service.They tell the public that the product's name and design are the exclusive property of the company, but a registered trademark? provides notice that it has indeed been registered. According to the writer, it is not necessary for a company to register a trademark,