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闸墩强度计算应计算哪几种情况?闸墩底部应力应如何计算?

发布日期:2020-12-11

闸墩强度计算应计算哪几种情况?闸墩底部应力应如何计算?

试题解析

闸墩

闸室中用于支承闸门、分隔闸孔、连接两岸的墩式部件,连接两岸的称边墩,中间部位的称中墩。在一般情况下, 闸墩既支承闸门,又支承胸墙和桥梁;为了减小弧形闸门的跨度,也可在闸孔中间另设门墩,但对过流及排放漂浮物十分不利,工程实践中很少采用。对平面闸门, 墩侧设门槽; 对弧形闸门,墩侧设牛腿,以支承闸门闸墩的外形轮廓需使过闸水流平顺,侧向收缩小,过流能力大,故闸墩迎水面常做成弧线形或半圆形,下游端常做成鱼尾形。

中文名
闸墩
外文名
pier

计算

计算是汉语词语。有“核算数目,根据已 知量算出未知量;运算”和“考虑;谋虑”两种含义。

中文名
计算
拼音
jì suàn
外文名
calculate
注音
ㄐㄧˋ ㄙㄨㄢˋ

何计

何计(1914年-1943年),男,河北省隆尧县人。生前为隆平县大队战士。1943年在柏乡县牺牲。

本名
何计
逝世日期
1943年
出生日期
1914年
籍贯
河北省隆尧县

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Passage1Today's adults grew up in schools designed to sort us into the various segments of our social and economic system. The amount of time available to learn was fixed: one year per grade. The amount learned by the end of that time was free to vary: some of us learned a great deal;some,very little. As we advanced through the grades,those who had learned a great deal in previous grades continued to build on those foundations. Those who had failed to master the early prerequisites within the allotted time failed to learn that which followed. After 12 or 13 years of cumulative treatment of this kind,we were,in effect,spread along an achievement continuum that was ultimately reflected in each student's rank in class upon graduation.From the very earliest grades, some students learned a great deal very quickly and consistently scored high on assessments. The emotional effect of this was to help them to see themselves as capable learners, and so these students became increasingly confident in school. That confidence gave them the inner emotional strength to take the risk of striving for more success because they believed that success was within their reach. Driven forward by this optimism, these students continued to try hard, and that effort continued to result in success for them. They became the academic and emotional winners. Notice that the trigger for their emotional strength and their learning success was their perception of their success on formal and informal assessments.But there were other students who didn't fare so well. They scored very low on tests, beginning in the earliest grades. The emotional effect was to cause them to question their own capabilities as learners. They began to lose confidence, which, in turn, deprived them of the emotional reserves needed to continue to take risks. As their motivation warned, of course, their performance plummeted. These students embarked on what they believed to be an irreversible slide toward inevitable failure and lost hope. Once again, the emotional trigger for their decision not to try was their perception of their performance on assessments.Consider the reality-indeed, the paradox-of the schools in which we were reared. If some students worked hard and learned a lot, that was a positive result, and they would finish high in the rank order. But if some students gave up in hopeless failure, that was an acceptable result, too, because they would occupy places very low in the rank order. Their achievement results fed into the implicit mission of schools: the greater the spread of achievement among students, the more it reinforced the rank order. This is why, if some students gave up and stopped trying (even dropped out of school), that was regarded as the student's problem, not the teacher's or the school's.Once again, please notice who is using test results to decide whether to strive for excellence or give up in hopelessness. The"data-based decision makers" in this process are students themselves.Students are deciding whether success is within or beyond reach, whether the learning is worth the required effort, and so whether to try or not. The critical emotions underpinning the decision making process include anxiety, fear of failure, uncertainty, and unwillingness to take risks-all triggered by students' perceptions of their own capabilities as reflected in assessment results.Some students responded to the demands of such environments by working hard and learning a great deal. Others controlled their anxiety by giving up and not caring. The result for them is exactly the opposite of the one society wants. Instead of leaving no child behind, these practices, in effect, drove down the achievement of at least as many students as they successfully elevated. And the evidence suggests that the downside victims are more frequently members of particular socioeconomic and ethnic minorities.What is the author's attitude towards the old mission of assessment?

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