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Passage 4 ● Read the following information about the IMF. ● Choose the best word to fill each gap. Mark one letter (A, B, or C) on your book. ● Do not use any letter more than once. The IMF, (29)______ the World Bank, grew (30)______ of the l994 Bretton Woods conferences. It hoped to secure the advantages of the gold standard without its disadvantages. Exchange rates were in the beginning envisaged to be relatively stable. (31)______ there were to be orderly ways to unpeg parities that represented clear undervaluation or overvaluation. International cooperation (32)______ replace the previous automatic mechanism. Also, countries were to be spared the need to make adjustments by painfully deflating (33)______ into drastic unemployment. And the IMF still hopes to lessen the need for import controls. How do IMF operations work? Here’s one case. Ordinarily, a country (34)______ for its imports by (35)______ of its exports or long-term borrowing. Suppose a country, say, the United Kingdom, is in need of short-term credit from the IMF. How exactly does the IMF enable such a debtor country to (36)______ hold of dollars? It does this by (37)______“purchasing rights”. It simply lets the British buy with British currency some of the Fund’s own holdings of dollars. (38)______ the British balance of payments has improved, Britain is expected to buy back with gold or dollars, (or, as we’11 see, with SDRs or “paper gold” 1 the pounds it has sold to the Fund. From l 945 until l 971 when the Bretton Woods system broke down forever。the IMF nurtured the illusion that it could keep exchange rates pegged most of the time.Only (39)______ the extreme pressure of fundamental disequilibria persisting in a country’s balance of payments (40)______ the IMF expect that country to depreciate its exchange rate. The IMF and its leading members put up a gallant but hopeless fight to make stable exchange rates work. 29. A. As B like C to 30. A out B from C into 31. A. Also B Moreover C But 32. A was to B is to C has to 33. A itself B themselves C ourselves 34. A pay B paid C pays 35. A means B mean C meaning 36. A keep B get C gets 37. A extends B extend C extending 38. A. After B Before C Until 39. A in B under C by 40. A should B could C would
()指行政主体针对特定的相对人,就特定的具体事项,作出有关其权利义务的单方行为。
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以下不属于早期矫治的有利因素的是( )。
各类履带式机械、重型机械及超重机械进厂,其路线必须按事先已批准的指定路线进场,否则对道路及地下设施造成破坏,由当事单位负责()或()。
票据和结算凭证的()不得更改,更改的票据无效。
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