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Income Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production-namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP (Gross National Product) because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes , and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees. Whereas national income shows the income that the factors of production earn, personal income measures the income that individuals or households receive. Corporation profits are included in national income because they are earned. Out of these profits, however, corporation profit taxes must be paid to the government, and some money must be put into the business for expansion. Only that part of profits distributed as dividends goes to the individual; therefore, out of corporation profits only dividends count as personal income. The factors of production earn money for social security and unemployment insurance contributions, but this money goes to government (which is not a factor of production), not to individuals. It is therefore part of national income but not part of personal income. On the other hand, money received by individuals when they collect social security or unemployment compensation is not money earned but money received. Interest received on government bonds is also in this category, because much of the money received from the sale of bonds went to pay for war production and that production no longer furnishes a service to the economy. The money people receive as personal income may be either spent or saved. However, not all spending is completely voluntary. A significant portion of our income goes to pay personal taxes. Most workers never receive the money they pay in personal taxes, because it is withheld from their paychecks. The money that individuals are left with after they have met their tax obligations is disposable personal income. Disposable income can be divided between personal consumption expenditures and personal savings. It is important to remember that personal saving is what is left after spending. It can be easily seen from this passage that the government levies tax on（）
某采样监测点全年NO2质量监测数据200个，其中有30个超标，5个未检出，5个不符合监测技术规范要求，则NO2全年超标率为( )
他经常加班，有时在办公室一直工作到深夜，______到天亮。
沿程损失是发生在流体运动的（）。
上市公司以回购本公司股票方式减资，其支付的价款低于股票面值总额的差额应计入( )。
患者女，24岁。皮肤黏膜瘀斑，月经量多，持续时间较长，无使用抗凝剂。凝血筛查PT30.6s，APTT78.9s，TT18.3s，Fg3.2g/L。根据上述凝血筛查，首先考虑患者是何种异常（）
男，64岁，上颌54321|123678，下颌4321|12345缺失，首次接受可摘局部义齿修复。前伸颌时前牙接触，后牙不接触，最佳选磨牙位是（）
建设单位应当自建设工程竣工验收合格之日起15日内，将建设工程竣工验收报告和（）部门出具的认可文件或准许使用文件报建设行政主管部门备案。
患者，男性，25岁，左侧后牙自发痛。夜间剧痛为主诉就诊，检查：左下8前倾阻生，牙冠与左下7远中牙颈部形成的间隙有较多的食物嵌塞，远中冠周轻度充血，冠周袋无脓，触痛（-），X线片见左下7远中牙颈部深龋。最恰当的应急处理（）
最早归纳并系统论述“八法”的是（）。
钻孔灌注桩是排土桩（不挤土），打入式预制桩是不排土桩（挤土），同一粉土地基中的这两种桩，一般情况下其桩的侧摩阻力（ ）。[2008年真题]
砼灌注桩按孔方法可分为以下四类：①钻孔灌注桩；②沉管灌注桩；③人工挖孔灌注桩；④爆扩灌注桩。其中，属于挤土孔的为（）
砼灌注桩按成孔方法可分为以下四类：①钻孔灌注桩；②沉管灌注桩；③人工挖孔灌注桩；④爆扩灌注桩。其中，属于挤土成孔的为（）。
比较泥浆成孔灌注桩、干作业成孔灌注桩和套管成矿灌注桩的施工工艺？
下列关于泥浆护壁正反循环钻孔灌注桩施工与旋挖成孔灌注桩施工的叙述中，正确的是（ ）。[2009年真题]
一维双原子链中，原子的质量分别为M和m，若用一个杂质原子分别替代这两种原子，说明在何种情况下可以在晶格中产生隙模、高频模、共振模？
“静态值”的净空尺寸是指接触网不受（）的作用，或长期承受受电弓抬升力的作用，这两种情况下的净空尺寸。
“静态值”的净空尺寸是指接触网不受（）的作用，或长期承受受电弓抬升力的作用，这两种情况下的净空尺寸。
下列钻孔灌注桩的类型中，不属于泥浆护壁钻孔灌注桩的是（）。
有2道锚杆的混凝土灌注桩排桩支护，已完成灌注桩施工，施工方法正确的是（）