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颅内压增高显著的脑膜炎是()

发布日期:2020-08-20

颅内压增高显著的脑膜炎是()
A

结核性脑膜炎

B

化脓性脑膜炎

C

病毒性脑膜炎

D

真菌性脑膜炎

E

囊虫性脑膜炎

试题解析

颅内压增高

颅内压增高(increased intracranial pressure)是神经外科常见临床病理综合征,是颅脑损伤、脑肿瘤、脑出血、脑积水和颅内炎症等所共有征象,由于上述疾病使颅腔内容物体积增加,导致颅内压持续在2.0kPa (200mmH20)以上,从而引起的相应的综合征,称为颅内压增高。颅内压增高会引发脑疝危象,可使病人因呼吸循环衰竭而死亡,因此对颅内压增高及时诊断和正确处理,十分重要。

西医学名
颅内压增高
所属科室
外科 - 神经外科
传染性
无传染性
外文名
increased intracranial pressure
常见发病部位
大脑

脑膜炎

脑膜炎(meningitis)系指软脑膜的弥漫性炎症性改变。由细菌、病毒、真菌、螺旋体、原虫、立克次体、肿瘤与白血病等各种生物性致病因子侵犯软脑膜和脊髓膜引起。细菌性脑膜炎是一种特别严重的疾病需及时治疗,如果治疗不及时,可能会在数小时内死亡或造成永久性的脑损伤。病毒性脑膜炎虽比较严重但大多数人能完全恢复,少数遗留后遗症。脑膜炎可累及硬脑膜、蛛网膜和软脑膜。硬脑膜炎多继发于颅骨感染。自从抗生素广泛应用以来,硬脑膜炎发病率已大为减少。软脑膜炎则颇为常见,包括蛛网膜和软脑膜炎症。因此,目前脑膜炎实际上是指软脑膜炎而言。脑膜炎绝大部分由病原体引起,由脑膜炎双球菌引起的流行性脑膜炎是其中最主要的类型;少数由刺激性化学药品(如普鲁卡因、氨甲蝶呤)引起。脑膜炎有3种基本类型:化脓性脑膜炎,淋巴细胞性脑膜炎(多由病毒引起),慢性脑膜炎(可由结核杆菌、梅毒螺旋体、布氏杆菌及真菌引起)。

中医病名
脑膜炎
就诊科室
神经内科
常见症状
发热、头痛、呕吐、食欲减退、精神差等
外文名
meningitis
常见病因
脑膜或脑脊膜被感染而引起

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