单选题
患者男性，38岁。发热、消瘦、乏力1年余，腹胀、腹泻2周来诊。曾旅居美国10年，于半年前回国，有严重脚癣，肝于右肋下1cm可及。为确定诊断首先应做的检查是（ ）。
发布日期：2021-03-15
粪便培养痢疾杆菌
全消化道钡餐造影
肝功及肝炎病毒病原学检查
查血清伤寒凝集反应
血靖抗-HIV检测
试题解析
消瘦
消瘦（emaciation）是指人体因疾病或某些因素而致体重下降，低于标准体重的10%以上时，即称为消瘦。体内脂肪与蛋白质减少，这里所指的消瘦一般都是短期内呈进行性的，有体重下降前后测的体重数值对照，且有明显的衣服变宽松，腰带变松，鞋子变大以及皮下脂肪减少，肌肉瘦弱，皮肤松弛，骨骼突出等旁证。至于脱水与水肿消退后的体重下降，不能称为消瘦。
乏力
乏力是临床上最常见的主诉症状之一，属非特异性疲惫感觉。表现为自觉疲劳、肢体软弱无力。生理状态下，乏力在休息或进食后可缓解，而病理性乏力则不能恢复正常。
- 就诊科室
- 心外科
- 常见病因
- 与生理性、药物、中毒、各系统疾病等有关
- 常见发病部位
- 肌肉
- 常见症状
- 精神不振，常有疲乏感，无力
腹胀
腹胀是一种常见的消化系统症状，而非一种疾病。可以是主观上感觉腹部的一部分或全腹部胀满，通常伴有相关的症状，如呕吐、腹泻、嗳气等；也可以是一种客观上的检查所见，如发现腹部一部分或全腹部膨隆。引起腹胀的原因主要见于胃肠道胀气、各种原因所致的腹水、腹腔肿瘤等。
- 就诊科室
- 消化内科
- 常见症状
- 腹胀，伴有便秘，腹泻等。
- 常见病因
- 消化道器官病变、应激等。
- 传染性
- 无
标签： "暂无标签"
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Instructions:In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing no more than three words from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Answers 1-5 are based on the following passage. Insects entombed in fossilised amber for tens of millions of years have provided the key to creating a new generation of antibiotic drugs that could wage war on modern diseases. Scientists have isolated the antibiotics from microbes preserved either inside the intestines of the amber-encased insects or in soil particles trapped with them when they were caught by sticky tree resin up to 130 million years ago. Spores of the microbes have survived an unprecedented period of suspended animation, enabling scientists to revive them in the laboratory. Research over the past two years has uncovered at least four antibiotics from the microbes and one has been able to kill modern drug-resistant bacteria that can cause potentially deadly diseases in humans. Present-day antibiotics have nearly all been isolated from micro-organisms that use them as a form of defence against their predators or competitors. But since the introduction of antibiotics into medicine 50 years ago, an alarming number have become ineffective because many bacteria have developed resistance to the drugs. The antibiotics that were in use millions of years ago may prove more deadly against drug-resistant modern strains of disease-causing bacteria. Raul Cano, who has pioneered the research at the California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo, said the ancient antibiotic had been successful in fighting drug-resistant strains of staphylococcus bacteria, a “superbug” that has threatened the health of patients in hospitals throughout the world. He now intends to establish whether the antibiotic might have harmful side effects. “The problem is how toxic it is to other cells and how easy it is to purify.” said Cano. A biotechnology company, Ambergene, has been set up to develop the antibiotics into drugs. If any ancient microbes are revived that resemble present-day diseases, they will be destroyed in case they escape and cause new epidemics. Drug companies will be anxious to study the chemical structures of the prehistoric antibiotics to see how they differ from modern drugs. They hope that one ancient antibiotic molecule could be used as a basis to synthesise a range of drugs. There have been several attempts to extract material such as DNA from fossilized life-forms, ranging from Egyptian mummies to dinosaurs, but many were subsequently shown to be unsuccessful. Cano’s findings have been hailed as a significant breakthrough by scientists. Edward Golenberg, an expert on extracting DNA from fossilized life-forms at Wayne State University in Detroit, said: “They appear to be verifiable, ancient spores. They do seem to be real.” Richard Lenski, professor of microbial ecology at Michigan State University, said the fight against antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, such as tuberculosis and staphylococcus, could be helped by the discovery. However, even the discovery of ancient antibiotics may not halt the rise of drug- resistant bacteria. Stuart Levy, a micro-biologist at Tufts University in Boston, warned that the bacteria would eventually evolve to fight back against the new drugs. “There might also be an enzyme already out there that can degrade it. So the only way to keep the life of that antibiotic going is to use it sensibly and not excessively.” he said. Summary Microbes that may supply new antibiotic drugs have been 1 in the bodies of fossilised insects. The discovery may help destroy 2 bacteria. What needs to be done now is to find out how 2 hey are to humans. It is thought that a single antibiotic molecule could lead to a whole series of new drugs. Other scientists who have tried to produce antibiotics in a similar way have been 3 Scientists think Cano’s findings are a 5 breakthrough in the fight against diseases.
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