常用的四大中药鉴定方法有（）

[问答题]Practice 1　　As the famous Chinese saying goes, “Above, there is Heaven—below, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou.” An impressive claim, but the only way to find out if Suzhou is indeed one of these two earthly paradises is to actually visit the place.　　Suzhou sits only four meters above sea level, so water features heavily in the landscape of its canal towns, as well as in the serene classical gardens that have been designated as World Heritage sites. This was immediately obvious on arrival, with rivers and canals crisscrossing the streets on the ten-minute walk from the train station to my riverside hostel.　　Because of Suzhou’s location near the mouth of the Yangtze, numerous canals were built to stabilize the flood-prone delta areas. Several other towns and cities in the region followed suit, creating what has become known as China’s region of water towns. As well as the countless lakes, 35 kilometers of rivers, and 168 bridges nearby, the Grand Canal is another significant draw. Stretching from Beijing to Hangzhou, it cuts an impressive path from north to south, and brought significant trade to the towns.　　After a few minutes’ exploration down some of its many back streets, I discovered why Suzhou is often praised as the “Venice of the Orient.” a Aside from the countess picturesque stone bridges peppering the city, Suzhou, like Venice, was once a great trading port, supplying goods from China’s “most productive land.” And during my brief visit I saw many small boats using the rivers to transport goods throughout the city.　　It’s also the silk capital of China. In ancient times it was from here that silk would have been transported along the Grand Canal to Beijing, and eventually all the way along the silk road to places as far away as Rome. Even today, Suzhou’s silk exports account for 30 percent of the country’s total. With its mild climate, fertile land and abundance of produce, it is no wonder that Suzhou is referred to as “heaven on earth.”　　Suzhou’s gardens date back as far as 600 AD. These gardens were designed by artists who were hired at the height of the Tang and Song dynasties, and used four basic elements to create a harmony between heaven and earth: trees, water, bridges and rock. With an abundance of water, and stones brought from nearby Lake Tai, it was the trees (the older the better) which were the most prized elements of the gardens. The gardens are not known for their size, but for their delicate design incorporating hills and ponds, terraces and corridors.　　Suzhou also has a strong tradition of Kunqu Opera, which was listed by UNESCO in 2001 as one of the “Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.” A good place to see it is at the Garden of the Master of the Nets, which is also one of the city’s nine gardens to have earned a UNESCO World Heritage listing.

[单选题]秦、隋虽然是两个短命王朝，但分别为汉、唐盛世奠定了基础，它们共同的历史贡献是（）。

[填空题]肾癌的组织病理多种多样，________是其主要构成部分，还可见有__________和_________。

[问答题]十九大报告中指出，五年来国防和军队改革取得历史性突破，人民军队组织架构和力量体系实现革命性重塑，形成了一种什么样的新格局？

[问答题]一般资料:求助者，女，44岁，已婚，本科文化，公务员，家庭经济状况良好。求助者主诉:情绪低落，紧张焦虑，注意力不集中，心慌头痛，食欲差，伴睡眠障碍三月余。求助者陈述:三个多月前，女儿因胃痛、大便发黑，我带她到医院看病，医生做了胃镜检查后告诉我，女儿可能到了胃癌（后来病理切片证实为胃癌），我当时双腿发软，瘫倒在地（说话时流泪）。在女儿住院开刀期间，我形影不离，无微不至地照顾女儿，我反复抚摸她的脸、手直至她的双脚，很少睡觉，惟恐一觉醒来女儿会离我而去。在她面前强装笑脸，泪水只能往肚子里咽。女儿现在上高二，曾因胃痛到医院看过，吃了药也能缓解，后来只要胃痛她就自己吃点药。我真后悔没有早点带女儿来看病，否则就不会变成现在这个样子了。女儿的病，是由我不负责任造成的，我是个有罪的人，我不是个好母亲，是个无用的人。现在只要看到那些中学生，我就心慌，出汗，十分痛苦，注意力不能集中，整天胡思乱想，工作也老是出错，有时只好请病假休息。三个多月来，我紧张、焦虑、情绪低落，对生活失去了信心，头痛、失眠，食欲差，同事和家人不断地安慰我，当时心情会好些，可是一段时间后，我又回到痛苦之中。我简直要疯了，知道肯定是出了心理问题了，所以前来咨询。（在其丈夫陪同下前来咨询）。咨询师的观察和了解:求助者衣着整洁，举止得体，面色憔悴，求助者自幼身体健康，未患过严重疾病，性格内向，追求完美，家人评价她做事认真，业余爱好较少，社会交往不多。自从三个多月前女儿得了胃癌后，求助者一直处于痛苦、后悔自责、焦虑不安之中，对生活失去了信心。求助者无家族精神病史。心理测验结果:90项症状清单（SCL-90）因子分:躯体化1.5、强迫症状1.6、人际关系敏感2.7、抑郁2.4、焦虑3.2、敌对1.5、恐怖1.4、偏执1.6、精神病性1.3、其他1.2焦虑自评量表（SAS）粗分54，标准分67抑郁自评量表（SDS）粗分49，标准分61根据案例，请回答以下问题:一、根据资料对求助者目前的状况进行评估，做出初步诊断并说明理由。二、根据该求助者的症状，应和哪些诊断相鉴别？三、咨询时怎样制定咨询目标？四、在本案例中心理咨询师使用了合理情绪疗法帮助求助者改变行为，请写出合理情绪疗法的原理及工作程序。

[问答题]彼秦者，弃礼义而上首功之国也，权使其士，虏使其民。

[判断题]由于瓦斯的存在将使煤尘爆炸下限降低，从而增加煤尘爆炸的危险性。（）

[单选题]女，53岁，近2～3年来月经不调，表现为周期延长，经量增多且淋漓不净。此次停经3个月，阴道出血10余天，量多，给予诊刮止血，刮出物组织学检查为子宫内膜简单型增生过长其诊断考虑为（）

[判断题]概率预算是为了反映企业在实际经营过程中各预定指标可能发生的变化而编制出的预算。

[判断题]在非营业站内的装卸视同区间装卸。

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