单选题
新生儿接种的第一种疫苗就是卡介苗，可预防（）。
发布日期：2022-07-08
小儿百日咳
麻疹
结核病
流行性脑炎
试题解析
卡介苗
卡介苗（BCG Vaccine）是由减毒牛型结核杆菌悬浮液制成的活菌苗，具有增强巨噬细胞活性，加强巨噬细胞杀灭肿瘤细胞的能力，活化T淋巴细胞，增强机体细胞免疫的功能。最早由法国科学家卡尔梅特(Calmette)和介朗(Guérin)研制成功。
- 中文名
- 卡介苗
- 预防
- 结核病
- 外文名
- Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine
预防
预防是指预先做好事物发展过程中可能出现偏离主观预期轨道或客观普遍规律的应对措施，汉语拼音为yù fáng，注音为ㄧㄩˋ ㄈㄤˊ。
- 中文名
- 预防
- 拼音
- yù fáng
- 出处
- 南朝宋
- 外文名
- prevent
- 注音
- ㄧㄩˋ ㄈㄤˊ
疫苗
疫苗是指用各类病原微生物制作的用于预防接种的生物制品。其中用细菌或螺旋体制作的疫苗亦称为菌苗。疫苗分为活疫苗和死疫苗两种。常用的活疫苗有卡介苗，脊髓灰质炎疫苗、麻疹疫苗、鼠疫菌苗等。常用的死疫苗有百日咳菌苗、伤寒菌苗、流脑菌苗、霍乱菌苗等。 不同疫苗的生产时间各不相同，有的疫苗可能需要22个月才能生产出一个批次。疫苗的开发是一个漫长而复杂的过程，且成本很高。接种疫苗是预防和控制传染病最经济、有效的公共卫生干预措施，对于家庭来说也是减少成员疾病发生、减少医疗费用的有效手段。据估计，免疫接种每年能避免200万至300万例因白喉、破伤风、百日咳和麻疹导致的死亡。全球疫苗接种覆盖率（全球获得推荐疫苗的儿童所占的比例）在过去几年中一直保持稳定。
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