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Passage1There are two kinds of motive for engaging in any activity: internal and instrumental. If a scientist conducts research because she wants to discover important facts about the world, that's an internal motive, since discovering facts is inherently related to the activity of research. If she conducts research because she wants to achieve scholarly renown, that's an instrumental motive, since the relation between fame and research is not so inherent. Often, people have both for doing things.What mix of motives-internal or instrumental or both-is most conducive to success? You might suppose that a scientist motivated by a desire to discover facts and by a desire to achieve renown will do better work than a scientist motivated by just one of those desires. Surely two motives are better than one. But as we and our colleagues argue in a paper newly published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, instrumental motives are not always an asset and can actually be counterproductive to success.We analyzed data drawn from 11,320 cadets in nine entering classes at the United StatesMilitary Academy at West Point, all of whom rated how much each of a set of motives influenced their decision to attend the academy. The motives included things like a desire to get a good job later in life and a desire to be trained as a leader in the United States Army.How did the cadets fare, years later? How did their progress relate to their original motives for attending West Point?We found, unsurprisingly, that the stronger their internal reasons were to attend West Point, the more likely cadets were to graduate and become commissioned officers. Also unsurprisingly, cadets with internal motives did better in the military(as evidenced by early promotion recommendations)than did those without internal motives and were also more likely to stay in the military after their five years of mandatory service.Remarkably, cadets with strong internal and strong instrumental motives for attending West Point performed worse on every measure than did those with strong internal motives but weak instrumental ones. They were less likely to graduate, less outstanding as military officers and less committed to staying in the military.Our study suggests that efforts should be made to structure activities so that instrumental consequences do not become motives. Helping people focus on the meaning and impact of their work, rather than on, say, the financial returns it will bring, may be the best way to improve not only the quality of their work but also their financial success.There is a temptation among educators and instructors to use whatever motivational tools are available to recruit participants or improve performance. If the desire for military excellence and service to country fails to attract all the recruits that the Army needs, then perhaps appeals to "money for college," "career training" or "seeing the world" will do the job. While this strategy may lure more recruits, it may also yield worse soldiers. Similarly, for students uninterested in learning, financial incentives for good attendance or pizza parties for high performance may prompt them to participate, but it may result in less well-educated students.According to the passage, which of the following is an internal motive for a newly recruited soldier?
在我国引起急性胰腺炎的最常见病因是（）
简述预算执行的原则。
精神分析理论将焦虑分为（ ）。
下列建设项目中，可以不招标的是（）。
黄河公司以定向增发股票的方式购买同一集团内另一企业持有的B公司90%的股权。为取得该股权，黄河公司定向增发6000万股普通股。每股面值为1元，每股公允价值为10元，支付承销商佣金、手续费等50万元。另支付评估审计费用20万元。取得该股权时，B公司所有者权益账面价值为10000万元，公允价值为15000万元，假定黄河公司和B公司采用的会计政策相同，黄河公司取得该项股权时应确认的资本公积为万元。
能减小远中游离端义齿的基牙扭力的卡环是（）。
奠定位萨里的医学地位的文献（）。
塔式起重机吊运箱型重物时，若箱内有人，可一起吊运至屋面，以提高作业效率。（）
恶心伴随症状的临床意义下列正确的是（）。
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