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发布日期:2020-04-11
社会性动机,以人类的社会文化需要为基础而产生的动机属于社会性动机,如交往的需要产生交往动机,成就的需要产生成就动机,权利的需要产生权力动机等。兴趣、爱好等都是人的社会性动机。社会动机是人的社会行为的直接原因。
智人(学名:Homo sapiens),是人属下的唯一现存物种。形态特征比直立人更为进步。分为早期智人和晚期智人。早期智人过去曾叫古人,生活在距今25万~4万年前,主要特征是脑容量大,在1300毫升以上;眉嵴发达,前额较倾斜,枕部突出,鼻部宽扁,颌部前突。一般认为是由直立人进化来的,但有争议,认为直立人在后来崛起的智人(现代人)走出非洲后灭绝或在此之前就灭绝了。晚期智人(新人)是解剖结构上的现代人。大约从距今四五万年前开始出现。两者形态上的主要差别在于前部牙齿和面部减小,眉嵴减弱,颅高增大,到现代人则更加明显。晚期智人臂不过膝,体毛退化,有语言和劳动,有社会性和阶级性。一份2006年在《自然》杂志上发表的研究结果宣称发现人类差异性基因从0.1%升至10%,同时也遭到了业界质疑。有三种类型的材料来研究人从哪里来这个问题:基因、化石、语言文化。其中语言文化一般不能超过新石器时代。很多形态特征并
《要的》是重庆美点未来科技有限公司旗下App。
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Practice 3 If I have called in the cuckoo to illustrate the ordinary man’s ignorance, it is not because I can speak with authority on that bird. It is simply because, passing the spring in a parish that seemed to have been invaded by all the cuckoos of Africa, I realized how exceedingly little I, or anybody else I met, knew about them. But your and my ignorance is not confined to cuckoos. It dabbles in all created things, from the sun and moon down to the names of the flowers. I once heard a clever lady asking whether the new moon always appears on the same day of the week. She added that perhaps it is better not to know, because, if one does not know when or in what part of the sky to expect it, its appearance is always a pleasant surprise. I fancy, however, the new moon always comes as a surprise even to those who are familiar with her time-tables. And it is the same with the coming-in of spring and the waves of the flowers. We are not the less delighted to find an early primrose because we are sufficiently learned in the services of the year to look for it in March or April rather than in October. We know, again, that the blossom precedes and not succeeds the fruit of the apple-tree, but this does not lessen our amazement at the beautiful holiday of a May orchard. At the same time there is, perhaps, a special pleasure in re-learning the names of many of the flowers every spring. It is like re-reading a book that one has almost forgotten. Montaigne tells us that he had so bad a memory that he could always read an old book as though he had never read it before. I have myself a capricious and leaking memory. I can read Hamlet itself and The Pickwick Papers as though they were the work of new authors and had come wet from the press, so much of them fades between one reading and another. There are occasions on which a memory of this kind is an affliction, especially if one has a passion for accuracy. But this is only when life has an object beyond entertainment. In respect of mere luxury, it may be doubted whether there is not as much to be said for a bad memory as for a good one. With a bad memory one can go on reading Plutarch and The Arabian Nights all one’s life. Little shreds and tags, it is probable, will stick even in the worst memory, just as a succession of sheep cannot leap through a gap in a hedge without leaving a few wisps of wool on the thorns. But the sheep themselves escape, and the great authors leap in the same way out of an idle memory and leave little enough behind.
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