Practice 3
Tea, that most quintessential of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the beverage first appeared in England.
The use of tea spread slowly from its Asian homeland, reaching Europe by way of Venice around 1560, although Portuguese trading ships may have made contact with the Chinese as early as 1515.
It was the Portuguese and Dutch traders who first imported tea to Europe, with regular shipments by 1610. England was a latecomer to the tea trade, as the East India Company did not capitalize on tea’s popularity until the mid-18th century.
Coffee Houses Curiously, it was the London coffee houses that were responsible for introducing tea to England. One of the first coffee house merchants to offer tea was Thomas Garway, who owned an establishment in Exchange Alley. He sold both liquid and dry tea to the public as early as 1657. Three years later he issued a broadsheet advertising tea at £6 and £10 per pound (ouch!), touting its virtues at “making the body active and lusty”, and “preserving perfect health until extreme old age”.
Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the tavern owners, as tea cut their sales of ale and gin, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue from taxes on liquor sales. By1750 tea had become the favored drink of Britain’s lower classes.
Taxation on Tea Charles II did his bit to counter the growth of tea, with several acts forbidding its sale in private houses. This measure was designed to counter sedition, but it was so unpopular that it was impossible to enforce it. A 1676 act taxed tea and required coffee house operators to apply for a license.
This was just the start of government attempts to control, or at least, to profit from the popularity of tea in Britain. By the mJd-18th century the duty on tea had reached an absurd119%. This heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry-tea smuggling.
Smuggling Tea Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, snuck the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding places was in the local parish church!
Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate the tea with other substances, such as willow, licorice, and sloe leaves. Used tea leaves were also retried and added to fresh leaves.
Fifty cases of Green Tea you sent us were found to be badly damaged. This was apparently attributable to()packing.
— Can I get you a cup of tea—()
将The rows of tea trees,the grace of tea girls,and the sound of tea songs send you to the idyllic and pastoral countryside and make you forget to return译为“郁郁茶园,亭亭茶女,悠悠茶歌,将让你回归田园,流连忘返”,使用了什么翻译技巧?()
In England, tea is usually served ______.
String[] elements={"for","tea","too"}; String first=(elements.length>0)?elements[0]null; What is the result?()
Holland transported tea to the whole Pacific area in the year 1602.
____
Some people read tea leaves to predict the future. We prefer hamburgers! The Economist began to calculate Big Mac index in 1986. They use it as a light-hearted guide to whether currencies are at their “correct” exchange rate. It is not intended as a precise predictor of exchange rates, but a tool to make economic theory more digestible. The following is the Big Mac Index in Apr. 25th 2002. 详细解释购买力平价说,说明其均衡是如何实现的,为何这是一个长期学说。
Some people read tea leaves to predict the future. We prefer hamburgers! The Economist began to calculate Big Mac index in 1986. They use it as a light-hearted guide to whether currencies are at their “correct” exchange rate. It is not intended as a precise predictor of exchange rates, but a tool to make economic theory more digestible. The following is the Big Mac Index in Apr. 25th 2002. 从上述表格你能得出有关人民币的什么结论?
String[] elements = { “for”, “tea”, “too” }; String first = (elements.length > 0)? elements[0] null; What is the result?()