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Passage 2Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just how much trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been in decline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you' re unlikely to find a tenure-track job.The core of the problem is, of course, the job market. The M.L.A. report estimates that only sixty per cent of newly-minted Ph.D.s will find tenure-track jobs after graduation. If anything, that's wildly optimistic: the M.L.A. got to that figure by comparing the number of tenure-track jobs on its job list(around six hundred) with the number of new graduates(about a thousand). But that leaves out the thousands of unemployed graduates from past years who are still job-hunting-not to mention the older professors who didn't receive tenure, and who now find themselves competing with their former students. In all likelihood, the number of jobs per candidate is much smaller than the report suggests. That's why the mood is so dire-why even professors are starting to ask, in the committee's words, "Why maintain doctoral study in the modern languages and literatures-or the rest of the humanities-at all?"Those trends, in turn, are part of an even larger story having to do with the expansion and transformation of American education after the Second World War. Essentially, colleges grew less elite and more vocational. Before the war, relatively few people went to college. Then, in the nineteen-fifties, the G.I. Bill and, later, the Baby Boom pushed colleges to grow rapidly. When the boom ended, colleges found themselves overextended and competing for students. By the mid-seventies, schools were creating new programs designed to attract a broader range of students-for instance, women and minorities.Those reforms worked: as Nate Silver reported in the Times last summer, about twice as many people attend college per capita now as did forty years ago. But all that expansion changed colleges.In the past, they had catered to elite students who were happy to major in the traditional liberal arts. Now, to attract middle-class students, colleges had to offer more career-focused majors, in fields like business, communications, and health care. As a result, humanities departments have found themselves drifting away from the center of the university. Today, they are often regarded as a kind of institutional luxury, paid for by dynamic, cheap, and growing programs in, say, adult-education. These large demographic facts are contributing to today's job-market crisis: they' re why, while education as a whole is growing, the humanities aren't.Given all this, what can an English department do? The M.L.A. report contains a number of suggestions. Pride of place is given to the idea that grad school should be shorter: "Departments should design programs that can be completed in five years."That will probably require changing the dissertation from a draft of an academic book into something shorter and simpler. At the same time, graduate students are encouraged to "broaden" themselves: to "engage more deeply with technology"; to pursue unusual and imaginative dissertation projects; to work in more than one discipline; to acquire teaching skills aimed at online and community-college students; and to take workshops on subjects, such as project management and grant writing, which might be of value outside of academia. Graduate programs, the committee suggests, should accept the fact that many of their students will have non-tenured, or even non-academic, careers. They should keep track of what happens to their graduates, so that students who decide to leave academia have a non-academic alumni network to draw upon.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
对光纤放大器(OA)测试所使用的主要测试仪表有（ ）。
法治引领税收新常态，要认真贯彻依法治国基本方略，全面推进依法治税，坚持用法律的准绳衡量、规范、引导税收工作，要（），在更高层次更高水平上推进法治税务建设。
有明确目标、问题和范围，有详细的观察计划、步骤和合理设计的可控制性的观察是（）。
调研程序中成本最高、耗时最久的环节是（）。
张九龄作《望月怀远》，诗云：“海上生明月，天涯共此时”千古名句，诗人作此诗的时间为开元廿三年，即735年间，此时张九龄的官职是什么？
胶结绝缘鱼尾板胶结区钢盖板与钢鱼尾板之间的绝缘电阻应大于10兆欧。
以下哪些不是消防船附加要求检验的内容（）？ 1）、检查消防炮及其举高升降装置（设有时）的安装情况（包括底座处的加强）； 2）、消防炮及其举高升降装置（设有时）进行效用试验； 3）、检查水幕系统的布置并进行效有试验； 4）、按《法规》有关要求进行操纵能力试验； 5）、确认操作手册按《法规》有关要求编制的配备； 6）、消防栓的数量检查。
能对心血管系统产生影响的清热药是（ ）。
海水中最大的碳储库是（）
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