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问答题

运作战略与企业总体战略的区别与联系是什么?

发布日期:2021-10-09

运作战略与企业总体战略的区别与联系是什么?

试题解析

经营战略

经营战略是企业为实现其经营目标,谋求长期发展而作出的带全局性的经营管理计划。它关系到企业的长远利益,以及企业的成功和失败。制定经营战略是企业最高管理层的职责。其内容包括:经营战略思想,它是企业进行经营战略决策的指导思想; 经营战略方针,它是经营战略的行动纲领; 经营战略目标,它是企业经营要达到的成果,西方企业公布的经营目标一般有: 股东目标 (即股票持有人对企业经营成果的期望),社会责任目标 (即经营业务要求对社会法律和道德负责),劳资关系目标 (即通过提高工资福利水平,调整劳资关系); 经营战略措施,它是实现经营战略的具体保证,包括产品开发、市场选择、资源分配、价格确定、商品推销、财务管理等方面。经营战略的类型,按企业经营处境分:紧缩战略 、稳定战略、发展战略。按战略性质分:产品战略 市场战略、技术战略,等等。西方企业大都以产品、市场战略为中心,并具体实施市场渗透战略、市场开拓战略、产品

中文名
经营战略
对象
企业
外文名
Strategic management
内容
战略规划、战略实施、战略管理

是什么

《是什么》是张继聪演唱歌曲。

中文名
是什么
歌曲原唱
张继聪
谱曲
张继聪
所属专辑
《Rock N Break》
填词
张继聪
编曲
张继聪

运作

运作,是汉语词语,拼音是yùn zuò,意思是运行和操作,指进行中的工作状态 。

中文名
运作
拼音
yùn zuò
外文名
moveandoperate
含义
进行中的工作状态

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此试题出现在

大学试题

管理类

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Look at the topic headings below, marked A, B, C, D E, and F, and match them with the paragraphs in the text below. There is one extra heading which you don’t need to use.  Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.  A. Vanishing topsoil influences farm productivities  B. Water is being polluted by chemical fertilisers  C. Advantages and disadvantages of fuel produced from crop residues  D. Environmental damages were even worsened by government policies  E. A modest cut in subsidies is adopted in some countries  F. Removal of certain subsidies achieves some positive results  All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future.    Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, where the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soil’s productivity. The country subsequently embarked upon a program to convert 11 percent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is vanishing much faster than in America.    Government policies have frequently compounded the environmental damage that farming can cause. In the rich countries, subsidies for growing crops and price supports for farm output drive up the price of land. The annual value of these subsidies is immense: about $ 250 billion, or more than all World Bank lending in the 1980s. To increase the output of crops per acre, a farmer’s easiest option is to use more of the most readily available inputs: fertilisers and pesticides. Fertiliser use doubled in Denmark in the period 1960 - 1985 and increased in the Netherlands by 150 percent. The quantity of pesticides applied has risen too: by 69 percent in 1975 - 1984 in Denmark, for example, with a rise of 115 percent in the frequency of application in the three years from 1981.    In the late 1980s and early 1990s some efforts were made to reduce farm subsidies. The most dramatic example was that of New Zealand, which scrapped most farm support in1984. A study of the environmental effects, conducted in 1993, found that the end of fertiliser subsidies had been followed by a fall in fertiliser use (a fall compounded by the decline in world commodity prices, which cut farm incomes). The removal of subsidies also stopped land-clearing and over-stocking, which in the past had been the principal causes of erosion. Farms began to diversify. The one kind of subsidy whose removal appeared to have been bad for the environment was the subsidy to manage soil erosion.    In less enlightened countries, and in the European Union, the trend has been to reduce rather than eliminate subsidies, and to introduce new payments to encourage farmers to treat their land in environmentally friendlier ways, or to leave it fallow. It may sound strange but such payments need to be higher than the existing incentives for farmers to grow food crops. Farmers, however, dislike being paid to do nothing. In several countries they have become interested in the possibility of using fuel produced from crop residues either as a replacement for petrol (as ethanol) or as fuel for power stations (as biomass). Such fuels produce far less carbon dioxide than coal or oil, and absorb carbon dioxide as they grow.    They are therefore less likely to contribute to the greenhouse effect. But they are rarely competitive with fossil fuels unless subsidized- and growing them does no less environmental harm than other crops.

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