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熔体的能量和晶体的能量只差越小,则析晶倾向()。

发布日期:2020-12-11

熔体的能量和晶体的能量只差越小,则析晶倾向()。

试题解析

能量

能量(energy)简称“能”,质量的时空分布可能变化程度的度量,用来表示物理系统做功的本领。现代物理学已明确了质量与能量之间的数量关系,即爱因斯坦的质能关系式:E=MC²。能量的单位与功的单位相同,在国际单位制中是焦耳(J)。在营养学中除了用焦耳(J)作为能量单位以外,有时也用卡路里(cal)作为能量单位,1卡路里约等于4.184焦耳。在原子物理学、原子核物理学、粒子物理学等领域中也用电子伏特(eV)作为能量单位,1电子伏特=1.602,18×10-19焦。在理论物理领域,也有用尔格(erg)作为能量单位的,1尔格=10-7焦。能量以多种不同的形式存在。按照物质的不同运动形式分类,能量可分为核能、机械能、化学能、内能(热能)、电能、辐射能、光能、生物能等。这些不同形式的能量之间可以通过物理效应或化学反应而相互转化。各种场也具有能量。在营养学中,能量指的是食物中所含有的能被人体所吸收的化学

中文名
能量
别名
提出时间
1807年
应用学科
物理学
主单位
焦耳
外文名
Energy
提出者
托马斯·杨
适用领域
物理学、化学、生物学、营养学
形式
机械能
物理定义
能量是物质运动转换的量度

析晶

析晶,指的是当物质在处于非平衡态时,会析出另外的相,该相以晶体的形式被析出。这种现象广泛存在于自然界中。

中文名
析晶
水溶性
饱和溶液
应用
非平衡态
外文名
crystallization
外观
多为固相
例如
水晶

晶体

晶体(crystal)是由大量微观物质单位(原子、离子、分子等)按一定规则有序排列的结构,因此可以从结构单位的大小来研究判断排列规则和晶体形态。

中文名
晶体
应用学科
物理
特点
呈现规则的几何形状
外文名
crystal
本质
固体

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