2021全国英语等级考试（三级）历年真题11-27

1、 In the parking lot，the writer__________． （单选题）

A. saw a disabled man

B. ran into his friends

C. hit another vehicle

D. examined his van

试题答案：C

2、 根据下面资料，回答{TSE}题。
By the time you retire, there´ s no doubt about it, your brain isn´ t what it used to be. By 65,most people will start to notice the signs: you forget people´ s names and the teapot occasionally turns up in the fridge.
There is a good reason why our memories start to let us down. At this stage of life, we are steadily losing brain cells in critical areas. This is not too much of a problem at first; even in old age, the brain is flexible enough to compensate. At some point, though, the losses start to make themselves felt.
Clearly, not everyone ages in the same way, so what´ s the difference between a happy, intelli-gent old person and a forgetful, bad-tempered granny? And can we improve our chances of becoming the former?
Exercise can certainly help. Numerous studies have shown that gentle exercise three times a week can improve concentration and abstract reasoning in older people, perhaps by encouraging the growth of new brain cells. Exercise also helps steady our blood sugar. As we age, our blood sugar control worsens, which causes a large increase in blood sugar levels. This can affect an area that helps form memories. Since physical activity helps control blood sugar, getting out and about could reduce these peaks and, potentially, improve your memory.
Coordination training could also help. Studies have shown that specifically targeting motor control and balance improves learning function in 60 to 80-year-olds.
"Brain training" was once considered strange, but a study concludes that computerised brain exercises can improve memory and attention in the over 65s. Importantly, these changes were large enough that participants reported significant improvements in everyday activities, such as remembe-ring names or following conversations in noisy restaurants.
Avoiding the complaints is even easier. In fact, your brain is doing all it can" to ensure a con-tented retirement. By 65, we are much better at increasing the experience of positive emotion, says Florin Dolcos, a neurobiologist at the University of Alberta in Canada. In experiments, he found that people over the age of 60 tended to remember fewer emotionally negative photographs com-pared with positive ones than younger people.
{TS}It is usual for retired people to have__________． （单选题）

A. a distant memory

B. a terrible memory

C. a painful memory

D. a changeable memory

试题答案：B

3、 Why do smokers like low tar cigarettes? （单选题）

A. Because they are less harmful．

B. Because they cost less．

C. Because they taste better．

D. Because they last longer．

试题答案：A

4、 第(55)题选 （单选题）

试题答案：暂无答案

5、 根据下面资料，回答{TSE}题。
Passwords are everywhere in computer security. All too often, they are also ineffective. A good password has to be both easy to remember and hard to guess, but in practice people seem to pay at-tention to the former. Names of wives, husbands and children are popular. "12356" or "12345" are also common choices.
That predictability lets security researchers (and hackers) create dictionaries which list com-mon passwords, useful to those seeking to break in. But although researchers know that passwords are insecure, working out just how insecure has been difficult. Many studies have only small sam-ples to work on.
However, with the co-operation of Yahoo!, Joseph Bonneau of Cambridge University obtained the biggest sample to date--70 million passwords that came with useful data about their owners.
Mr Bonneau found some interesting variations. Older users had better passwords than young ones. People whose preferred language was Korean or German chose the most secure passwords;those who spoke Indonesian the least. Passwords designed to hide sensitive information such as credit-card numbers were only slightly more secure than those protecting less important things, like access to games. "Nag screens" that told users they had chosen a weak password made virtually no difference. And users whose accounts had been hacked in the past did not make more secure choices than those who had never been hacked.
But it is the broader analysis of the sample that is of most interest to security researchers. For, despite their differences, the 70 million users were still predictable enough that a generic password dictionary was effective against both the entire sample and any slice of it. Mr Bonnean is blunt:
"An attacker who can manage ten guesses per account will compromise around 1% of accounts. "And that is a worthwhile outcome for a hacker.
One obvious solution would be for sites to limit the number of guesses that can be made before access is blocked. Yet whereas the biggest sites, such as Google and Microsoft, do take such meas-ures, many do not. The reasons of their not doing so are various. So it´ s time for users to consider the alternatives to traditional passwords.
{TS}People tend to use passwords that are__________． （单选题）

A. easy to remember

B. hard to figure out

C. random numbers

D. popular names

试题答案：A