2024高中教师专业知识真题模拟02-29

1、下列能够正确表示蛙的发育过程的是（）。（单选题）

A. 受精卵-幼蛙-蝌蚪-成蛙

B. 受精卵-蝌蚪-幼蛙-成蛙

C. 卵细胞-幼蛙-蝌蚪-成蛙

D. 成蛙-蝌蚪-幼蛙-受精卵

试题答案：B

2、向袁世凯提出企图灭亡中国的“二十一条”的国家是（）（单选题）

A. 英国

B. 日本

C. 美国

D. 德国

试题答案：B

3、

Passage1

Today's adults grew up in schools designed to sort us into the various segments of our social and economic system. The amount of time available to learn was fixed: one year per grade. The amount learned by the end of that time was free to vary: some of us learned a great deal；some，very little. As we advanced through the grades，those who had learned a great deal in previous grades continued to build on those foundations. Those who had failed to master the early prerequisites within the allotted time failed to learn that which followed. After 12 or 13 years of cumulative treatment of this kind，we were，in effect，spread along an achievement continuum that was ultimately reflected in each student's rank in class upon graduation.

From the very earliest grades, some students learned a great deal very quickly and consistently scored high on assessments. The emotional effect of this was to help them to see themselves as capable learners, and so these students became increasingly confident in school. That confidence gave them the inner emotional strength to take the risk of striving for more success because they believed that success was within their reach. Driven forward by this optimism, these students continued to try hard, and that effort continued to result in success for them. They became the academic and emotional winners. Notice that the trigger for their emotional strength and their learning success was their perception of their success on formal and informal assessments.

But there were other students who didn't fare so well. They scored very low on tests, beginning in the earliest grades. The emotional effect was to cause them to question their own capabilities as learners. They began to lose confidence, which, in turn, deprived them of the emotional reserves needed to continue to take risks. As their motivation warned, of course, their performance plummeted. These students embarked on what they believed to be an irreversible slide toward inevitable failure and lost hope. Once again, the emotional trigger for their decision not to try was their perception of their performance on assessments.

Consider the reality-indeed, the paradox-of the schools in which we were reared. If some students worked hard and learned a lot, that was a positive result, and they would finish high in the rank order. But if some students gave up in hopeless failure, that was an acceptable result, too, because they would occupy places very low in the rank order. Their achievement results fed into the implicit mission of schools: the greater the spread of achievement among students, the more it reinforced the rank order. This is why, if some students gave up and stopped trying (even dropped out of school), that was regarded as the student's problem, not the teacher's or the school's.

Once again, please notice who is using test results to decide whether to strive for excellence or give up in hopelessness. The"data-based decision makers" in this process are students themselves.

Students are deciding whether success is within or beyond reach, whether the learning is worth the required effort, and so whether to try or not. The critical emotions underpinning the decision making process include anxiety, fear of failure, uncertainty, and unwillingness to take risks-all triggered by students' perceptions of their own capabilities as reflected in assessment results.

Some students responded to the demands of such environments by working hard and learning a great deal. Others controlled their anxiety by giving up and not caring. The result for them is exactly the opposite of the one society wants. Instead of leaving no child behind, these practices, in effect, drove down the achievement of at least as many students as they successfully elevated. And the evidence suggests that the downside victims are more frequently members of particular socioeconomic and ethnic minorities.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "plummeted" in Paragraph 3?

A. Punished timely.

B. Spread widely.

C. Continued gradually.

D. Dropped sharply.

试题答案：D

4、英国学者斯宾塞称议会主权为“伟大的政治神话”，他明确指出：”过去，自由主义的功能在于对国王的皇权加以限制。今后，自由主义的功能将是对议会的权力加以限制。”英国出现这一情状是在（）（单选题）

A. 英国两党政治形成后

B. 1832年议会改革之后

C. 议会通过《权利法案》后

D. 责任内阁制逐渐形成后

试题答案：D

5、俗话说，“不打不相识”“不入虎穴、焉得虎子”。下列选项和这两句俗语反映的道理相同的是（）。 ①“汗滴禾下土”才知“粒粒皆辛苦” ②尝百草，才有“神医”李时珍 ③“纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行” ④认识是在变革对象的实践过程中产生的（单选题）

A. ①②③

B. ①③④

C. ②③④

D. ①②③④

试题答案：D